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Gratis open access ( ) refers to online access free of charge, and libre open access ( ) refers to online access free of charge plus some additional re-use rights. Similar to the free content definition, the terms 'gratis' and 'libre' were used in the BOAI definition to distinguish between free to read versus free to reuse. Such articles are typically not available for reuse. Bronze OA īronze open access articles are free to read only on the publisher page, but lack a clearly identifiable license. A particularly controversial practice in hybrid open access journals is " double dipping", where both authors and subscribers are charged. Hybrid OA generally costs more than gold OA and can offer a lower quality of service. A publisher following this model is partially funded by subscriptions, and only provide open access for those individual articles for which the authors (or research sponsor) pay a publication fee. Hybrid open-access journals contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles. This can be the accepted manuscript as returned by the journal to the author after successful peer review.

If the author posts the near-final version of their work after peer review by a journal, the archived version is called a "postprint".

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Some publishers (less than 5% and decreasing as of 2014) may charge a fee for an additional service such as a free license on the publisher-authored copyrightable portions of the printed version of an article.

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Independently from publication by a publisher, the author also posts the work to a website controlled by the author, the research institution that funded or hosted the work, or to an independent central open repository, where people can download the work without paying. Self-archiving by authors is permitted under green OA. Venn diagram highlighting the key features of different types of open access in scholarly publishing. The most commonly recognised names are "green", "gold", and "hybrid" open access however, a number of other models and alternative terms are also used. There are different models of open access publishing and publishers may use one or more of these models.ĭifferent open access types are currently commonly described using a colour system.

6.1.1 Representativeness of proprietary databases.

3.1 Stakeholders and concerned communities.

2.3.1 Effect of preprints on later publication.

Since the revenue of open access journals is earned from publication fees charged from the authors, there are concerns about the quality of articles published in OA journals. Open access can be applied to all forms of published research output, including peer-reviewed and non peer-reviewed academic journal articles, conference papers, theses, book chapters, monographs, research reports and images. Whereas conventional (non-open access) journals cover publishing costs through access tolls such as subscriptions, site licenses or pay-per-view charges, open-access journals are characterised by funding models which do not require the reader to pay to read the journal's contents or they rely on public funding. The main focus of the open access movement is " peer reviewed research literature." Historically, this has centered mainly on print-based academic journals. With open access strictly defined (according to the 2001 definition), or libre open access, barriers to copying or reuse are also reduced or removed by applying an open license for copyright.

Open access ( OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of cost or other access barriers.